What to know: Lava caps are late seral communities of annual herbs, perennial shrubs, and a few depauperate (a kind of semi bonsai) tree species. They are open rocky areas on ridgetops or ridge ends within the forest, and especially on Peavine Ridge. These ridges are formed by pre-historic volcanic mud flows (Mehrten Formation) and centuries of erosion, and the result is a field of rocks. Among these lichen-covered rocks and manzanita skeletons are wonderful displays of annual and perennial wildflowers. These wildflowers include the yellow bur Navarretia (Navarretia prolifera ssp. lutea), and the Pleasant Valley Mariposa lily (Calochortus clavatus var. avius). Shellie and Steve Perry will once again lead us to spots they’ve scouted in the Eldorado National Forest especially for this trip. Excursions with the Perrys are always lovely, filled with lava cap treasures, and so well-appreciated by all who attend.

Level of difficulty: Easy-moderate